Cannabis

Research corpus coverage

Chemistry notes

• Principal reported constituents include THC, CBD, other cannabinoids; broad class: cannabinoid CB1/CB2 modulation.

Traditional / historical use

Documented traditional use — not a claim of established efficacy.

No traditional-use records in this corpus.

Modern evidence

• Taxonomic species debates and legal hemp/marijuana definitions differ from botanical categories.

  MODERATE · The origins of cannabis smoking: Chemical residue evidence from the first millennium BCE in the Pamirs

  Identity/attribution caution.

Human

• High risk

  Safety severity is HIGH: impairment, anxiety, psychosis risk in susceptible people, dependence and cardiovascular effects

  Intrinsic toxicity · HIGH · Drugs of Abuse: A DEA Resource Guide, 2024 Edition

Cats

• Caution

  Acute oral CBD overdoses up to 80 mg/kg were well tolerated in cats, with no CBD-related clinical signs documented; transient salivation was attributed to the carrier, and elevated ALT was reported in one cat in a dosing study.

  Intrinsic toxicity · ORAL · CBD product or CBD/CBDA-rich hemp paste · HIGH · veterinary_manual · Toxicosis in Dogs and Cats From Cannabidiol (CBD) - Toxicology

Dogs

• High risk

  Cannabis effects may be more dramatic and potentially more toxic in dogs because dogs have more cannabinoid receptors in their brains; inhaled cannabis may also cause respiratory irritation requiring treatment.

  Route-specific · INHALATION · Cannabis, including inhaled cannabis · HIGH · veterinary_hospital_guidance · Cannabis (Marijuana) Intoxication in Cats and Dogs

• High risk

  Dogs ingesting Cannabis sativa plant material or THC-containing edible products may develop incoordination, vomiting, dilated pupils, prolonged depression, excessive or irregular heartbeats, drooling, hyperexcitability, tremors and fever; severe central nervous system depression can be fatal.

  Intrinsic toxicity · OTHER · Leaves, stems, flower buds, or human edible products containing THC · HIGH · veterinary_manual · Plants Poisonous to Animals - Special Pet Topics

• High risk

  Ingestion of Cannabis sativa leaves, stems, flower buds, or cannabis preparations can cause clinically important toxicosis in dogs, with CNS, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and temperature-regulation abnormalities; severe CNS depression can be fatal.

  Intrinsic toxicity · OTHER · Plant material, processed cannabis, and extracts · HIGH · veterinary_manual · Houseplants and Ornamentals Toxic to Animals - Toxicology

• High risk

  Inhalation of delta-9-THC from Cannabis sativa produces rapid absorption and can cause intoxication within minutes.

  Route-specific · INHALATION · inhaled marijuana or THC · HIGH · veterinary_manual · Toxicosis in Dogs and Cats From Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

• High risk

  Oral ingestion of delta-9-THC-dominant Cannabis sativa material can cause intoxication; clinical signs typically begin within 1–2 hours, or up to 4 hours in fasted dogs.

  Intrinsic toxicity · ORAL · THC-dominant plant material · HIGH · veterinary_manual · Toxicosis in Dogs and Cats From Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

• High risk

  Dogs exposed to CBD products in reported poison-control cases commonly developed vomiting and diarrhea; some exposures were life-threatening.

  Intrinsic toxicity · UNKNOWN · CBD products · HIGH · poison_control_database · Cbd and Pets | Pet Poison Helpline®

• High risk

  Cannabis edibles, concentrates, oils, and synthetic forms such as vape cartridges may expose dogs to higher THC concentrations or potency than plant material, increasing the risk of severe intoxication. Edibles may also contain other hazardous ingredients such as chocolate or xylitol.

  Intrinsic toxicity · OTHER · edibles, concentrates, oils, or synthetic high-potency products · HIGH · veterinary_hospital_guidance · Cannabis (THC) intoxication in dogs

• High risk

  Ingestion of cannabis or THC-containing products can cause clinically significant intoxication in dogs; THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) is identified as the primary toxic component. Extremely high-dose ingestion is rarely fatal but has been reported.

  Intrinsic toxicity · OTHER · cannabis plant material, edibles, concentrates, oils, or other THC-containing products · HIGH · veterinary_hospital_guidance · Cannabis (THC) intoxication in dogs

• Caution

  Hashish, marijuana, and Indian hemp (Cannabis sativa) are listed under “Plants Toxic to Dogs.” No cat-specific evidence, toxic constituents, clinical signs, or preparation distinctions are provided.

  Intrinsic toxicity · UNKNOWN · Not stated; plant-group listing only · HIGH · poison_control_database · Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant List — Dogs - ASPCA

• Caution

  A single-dose oral pharmacokinetic study of CBD-enriched oil in four beagle dogs reported no observable side effects.

  Intrinsic toxicity · ORAL · CBD-enriched oil · MODERATE · regulatory_guidance · [PDF] Scientific Memorandum: Cannabidiol (CBD) (11/13/2019) - FDA

• Caution

  In short-term oral studies of CBD-enriched or CBD-infused oil, dogs had increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity; diarrhea was also reported in one healthy-dog study, although the diarrhea was not associated with CBD formulation or dose.

  Intrinsic toxicity · ORAL · CBD-enriched oil; CBD-infused oil · HIGH · regulatory_guidance · [PDF] Scientific Memorandum: Cannabidiol (CBD) (11/13/2019) - FDA

• Caution

  Cannabidiol and other hemp derivatives in capsules have been associated with nausea, oversedation, inappetence, liver-enzyme changes, and possible reproductive-system changes; products may be unregulated and proprietary.

  Intrinsic toxicity · ORAL · capsules containing CBD or other hemp derivatives · MODERATE · veterinary_manual · Herbal Medicine in Veterinary Patients - Therapeutics

• Caution

  Oral CBD overdose in dogs is generally associated with mild gastrointestinal effects; acute oral overdose up to 62 mg/kg caused diarrhea, and CBD is described as well tolerated in chronic therapeutic use and overdose exposures.

  Intrinsic toxicity · ORAL · CBD oil, gel capsule, soft chew, or other CBD-containing product · HIGH · veterinary_manual · Toxicosis in Dogs and Cats From Cannabidiol (CBD) - Toxicology

• Caution

  Oral CBD oil administration in dogs was associated with increased alkaline phosphatase, including a statistically significant increase in a study of dogs with idiopathic epilepsy.

  Intrinsic toxicity · ORAL · CBD oil · HIGH · poison_control_database · Cbd and Pets | Pet Poison Helpline®

• Caution

  Inhalation of second-hand cannabis smoke can produce mild clinical signs in dogs.

  Route-specific · INHALATION · second-hand cannabis smoke · MODERATE · veterinary_hospital_guidance · Cannabis (THC) intoxication in dogs

Cats & dogs

• High risk

  Marijuana is described as toxic for pets and can cause significant clinical signs; the potential for organ damage or death is described as low, and toxicity depends on the substance and amount ingested.

  Intrinsic toxicity · OTHER · marijuana; preparation not specified · MODERATE · veterinary_hospital_guidance · [PDF] Spring 2020 - VCA Animal Hospitals

• High risk

  Cannabis exposure can intoxicate cats and dogs; a small amount may cause toxicity, and there is no established official safe exposure level for pets.

  Intrinsic toxicity · INHALATION · Dried cannabis, direct plant material, or cannabis-containing products · HIGH · veterinary_hospital_guidance · Cannabis (Marijuana) Intoxication in Cats and Dogs

• High risk

  Ingestion of highly concentrated cannabis products, including foods containing medical-grade THC, has been associated with animal deaths.

  Intrinsic toxicity · OTHER · Highly concentrated cannabis or cannabis-containing foods · HIGH · veterinary_hospital_guidance · Cannabis (Marijuana) Intoxication in Cats and Dogs

• High risk

  Second-hand cannabis smoke and vaporized cannabis can cause intoxication in cats and dogs; the page does not describe these inhalational exposures as non-toxic.

  Route-specific · INHALATION · Cannabis smoke or vapor · HIGH · veterinary_hospital_guidance · Cannabis (Marijuana) Intoxication in Cats and Dogs

• High risk

  CBD products contaminated or adulterated with THC can produce clinical signs of THC poisoning when pets ingest a large overdose.

  Adulteration · ORAL · THC-contaminated or adulterated CBD products · HIGH · veterinary_hospital_guidance · THCCBD poisoning - VCA Animal Hospitals

• High risk

  Cannabis plant material containing THC, including flowering buds, leaves, stems, and roots, can cause poisoning in pets after oral exposure; clinical signs may occur at low doses.

  Intrinsic toxicity · ORAL · whole plant material · HIGH · veterinary_hospital_guidance · THCCBD poisoning - VCA Animal Hospitals

• High risk

  THC exposure from Cannabis-derived products can cause poisoning after inhalation; signs may appear within minutes, and large exposures can cause respiratory depression, seizures, or coma.

  Route-specific · INHALATION · vaping liquids, smoke or other inhaled Cannabis products · HIGH · veterinary_hospital_guidance · THCCBD poisoning - VCA Animal Hospitals

• High risk

  THC-containing Cannabis products, including edibles, oils, tinctures, balms, capsules, hashish, and concentrates, can cause poisoning after ingestion; high exposures have a worse prognosis and death has been reported.

  Intrinsic toxicity · ORAL · edibles, oils, tinctures, balms, capsules, hashish, and concentrates · HIGH · veterinary_hospital_guidance · THCCBD poisoning - VCA Animal Hospitals

• High risk

  Overdose of hemp/CBD calming aids, treats, or chews may cause gastrointestinal upset, incoordination, depression, sedation, lethargy, and sometimes urinary incontinence; signs may persist for 24–72 hours, and severe sedation or inability to remain upright warrants veterinary care.

  Intrinsic toxicity · ORAL · calming aids, treats, or chews containing hemp/CBD · MODERATE · poison_control_database · Keep Calm: What to Do If Your Pet Gets into Calming Aids or Treats

• High risk

  Cannabis sativa (marijuana) is toxic to cats and dogs when ingested; the toxic constituent listed is delta-9-THC (tetrahydrocannabinol).

  Intrinsic toxicity · OTHER · not specified · HIGH · poison_control_database · Toxic and Non-toxic Plants: Marijuana | ASPCA

• High risk

  Cannabis sativa (marijuana) and its THC-containing portions are associated with poisoning and toxicosis in dogs and cats. THC exposure has high morbidity but extremely low mortality; clinical signs are usually self-limiting and resolve within 1–3 days.

  Intrinsic toxicity · INHALATION · whole plant or THC-containing marijuana products · HIGH · veterinary_manual · Toxicosis in Dogs and Cats From Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

• High risk

  Hash, hash oil, concentrates, edibles, THC oils, and tinctures made from Cannabis sativa are associated with toxicosis in dogs and cats; concentrated products may produce severe exposure.

  Intrinsic toxicity · ORAL · hash, hash oil, concentrates, edibles, oils, or tinctures · HIGH · veterinary_manual · Toxicosis in Dogs and Cats From Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

• High risk

  CBD products contaminated with synthetic cannabinoids can cause seizures and other severe effects.

  Contamination · UNKNOWN · CBD products contaminated with synthetic cannabinoids · HIGH · poison_control_database · Cbd and Pets | Pet Poison Helpline®

• High risk

  Poor-quality or off-the-shelf CBD products may be contaminated with THC, and marijuana-toxicity signs may occur after exposure.

  Contamination · UNKNOWN · Contaminated CBD products · HIGH · poison_control_database · Cbd and Pets | Pet Poison Helpline®

• Caution

  CBD products derived from Cannabis have a wider margin of safety than THC products but can cause poisoning after an overdose by ingestion, most commonly with vomiting and diarrhea.

  Intrinsic toxicity · ORAL · CBD creams, oils, mists, drops, tablets, gummies, soft chews, or food formulations · HIGH · veterinary_hospital_guidance · THCCBD poisoning - VCA Animal Hospitals

• Caution

  CBD intoxication is described as generally mild, primarily gastrointestinal, self-limiting, and nonintoxicating; lethargy, ataxia, trembling, hyperesthesia, and urinary incontinence can occur in a subset of reported cases.

  Intrinsic toxicity · ORAL · CBD-predominant cannabis or hemp product · HIGH · veterinary_manual · Toxicosis in Dogs and Cats From Cannabidiol (CBD) - Toxicology

• Caution

  CBD-containing over-the-counter products may have inaccurate CBD labeling and may be contaminated with unlabeled THC, synthetic cannabinoids, heavy metals, or other compounds; ingestion cases may include lethargy, ataxia, hyperesthesia, trembling, or urinary incontinence.

  Contamination · ORAL · over-the-counter CBD or hemp-derived product · HIGH · veterinary_manual · Toxicosis in Dogs and Cats From Cannabidiol (CBD) - Toxicology

• Caution

  The FDA has not approved Cannabis sativa THC products, CBD products containing THC, or full-spectrum products for use in veterinary patients.

  Intrinsic toxicity · OTHER · THC products, CBD with THC, or full-spectrum products · HIGH · veterinary_manual · Toxicosis in Dogs and Cats From Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

• Caution

  CBD can affect cytochrome P450-mediated drug metabolism, so interactions with other medications are possible.

  Interaction · UNKNOWN · CBD products · HIGH · poison_control_database · Cbd and Pets | Pet Poison Helpline®

• Caution

  CBD is not recommended for pregnant pets because fetal development could potentially be negatively affected.

  Intrinsic toxicity · UNKNOWN · CBD products · MODERATE · poison_control_database · Cbd and Pets | Pet Poison Helpline®

• Caution

  CBD products derived from Cannabis sativa are described as minimally toxic overall, but diarrhea, inaccurate labeling, contamination, and drug interactions are reported concerns.

  Contamination · OTHER · CBD products, including oils, tinctures, chews, treats, and topicals · HIGH · poison_control_database · Cbd and Pets | Pet Poison Helpline®

• Caution

  Large oral ingestions of CBD tincture or a full container of CBD chews may produce clinical signs in dogs or cats.

  Intrinsic toxicity · ORAL · CBD tincture or CBD chews · MODERATE · poison_control_database · Cbd and Pets | Pet Poison Helpline®

Additional safety notes (general, unstructured)

Free-text safety notes carried from their source — not broken out by species, route, or hazard type, and not equivalent to the structured records above. Each note names the kind of source it came from.

• Safety severity is HIGH: impairment, anxiety, psychosis risk in susceptible people, dependence and cardiovascular effects

  HIGH · Drugs of Abuse: A DEA Resource Guide, 2024 Edition

• Marijuana is described as toxic for pets and can cause significant clinical signs; the potential for organ damage or death is described as low, and toxicity depends on the substance and amount ingested.

  MODERATE · veterinary_hospital_guidance · [PDF] Spring 2020 - VCA Animal Hospitals

  The page does not distinguish cats from dogs.

• Cannabis exposure can intoxicate cats and dogs; a small amount may cause toxicity, and there is no established official safe exposure level for pets.

  HIGH · veterinary_hospital_guidance · Cannabis (Marijuana) Intoxication in Cats and Dogs

• Ingestion of highly concentrated cannabis products, including foods containing medical-grade THC, has been associated with animal deaths.

  HIGH · veterinary_hospital_guidance · Cannabis (Marijuana) Intoxication in Cats and Dogs

  The page does not provide a numeric concentration or dose associated with fatalities.

• Second-hand cannabis smoke and vaporized cannabis can cause intoxication in cats and dogs; the page does not describe these inhalational exposures as non-toxic.

  HIGH · veterinary_hospital_guidance · Cannabis (Marijuana) Intoxication in Cats and Dogs

  The page supports potential intoxication but gives no preparation-specific dose or severity threshold for smoke or vapor.

• CBD products contaminated or adulterated with THC can produce clinical signs of THC poisoning when pets ingest a large overdose.

  HIGH · veterinary_hospital_guidance · THCCBD poisoning - VCA Animal Hospitals

  The page does not specify the contamination concentration or provide separate cat- versus dog-specific evidence.

• CBD products derived from Cannabis have a wider margin of safety than THC products but can cause poisoning after an overdose by ingestion, most commonly with vomiting and diarrhea.

  HIGH · veterinary_hospital_guidance · THCCBD poisoning - VCA Animal Hospitals

  The page does not provide separate cat- versus dog-specific CBD toxicity findings.

• Cannabis plant material containing THC, including flowering buds, leaves, stems, and roots, can cause poisoning in pets after oral exposure; clinical signs may occur at low doses.

  HIGH · veterinary_hospital_guidance · THCCBD poisoning - VCA Animal Hospitals

  The page describes these findings generally for pets and does not provide separate cat- versus dog-specific clinical data.

• THC exposure from Cannabis-derived products can cause poisoning after inhalation; signs may appear within minutes, and large exposures can cause respiratory depression, seizures, or coma.

  HIGH · veterinary_hospital_guidance · THCCBD poisoning - VCA Animal Hospitals

  The page does not provide separate cat- versus dog-specific inhalation evidence.

• THC-containing Cannabis products, including edibles, oils, tinctures, balms, capsules, hashish, and concentrates, can cause poisoning after ingestion; high exposures have a worse prognosis and death has been reported.

  HIGH · veterinary_hospital_guidance · THCCBD poisoning - VCA Animal Hospitals

  No product-specific toxic concentrations or numeric thresholds are provided.

• Overdose of hemp/CBD calming aids, treats, or chews may cause gastrointestinal upset, incoordination, depression, sedation, lethargy, and sometimes urinary incontinence; signs may persist for 24–72 hours, and severe sedation or inability to remain upright warrants veterinary care.

  MODERATE · poison_control_database · Keep Calm: What to Do If Your Pet Gets into Calming Aids or Treats

  The page refers to 'your pet' without distinguishing cats from dogs and discusses hemp/CBD products rather than the whole plant.

• Cannabis sativa (marijuana) is toxic to cats and dogs when ingested; the toxic constituent listed is delta-9-THC (tetrahydrocannabinol).

  HIGH · poison_control_database · Toxic and Non-toxic Plants: Marijuana | ASPCA

  The page does not distinguish clinical signs by species, concentration, or preparation.

• CBD intoxication is described as generally mild, primarily gastrointestinal, self-limiting, and nonintoxicating; lethargy, ataxia, trembling, hyperesthesia, and urinary incontinence can occur in a subset of reported cases.

  HIGH · veterinary_manual · Toxicosis in Dogs and Cats From Cannabidiol (CBD) - Toxicology

  Reported case-series signs were not species-specific and some may reflect THC or other product contamination.

• CBD-containing over-the-counter products may have inaccurate CBD labeling and may be contaminated with unlabeled THC, synthetic cannabinoids, heavy metals, or other compounds; ingestion cases may include lethargy, ataxia, hyperesthesia, trembling, or urinary incontinence.

  HIGH · veterinary_manual · Toxicosis in Dogs and Cats From Cannabidiol (CBD) - Toxicology

  The page attributes the less typical neurologic and urinary signs to large-volume hemp-product ingestion or poor-quality products contaminated with unlabeled THC, synthetic cannabinoids, or other compounds.

• Cannabis sativa (marijuana) and its THC-containing portions are associated with poisoning and toxicosis in dogs and cats. THC exposure has high morbidity but extremely low mortality; clinical signs are usually self-limiting and resolve within 1–3 days.

  HIGH · veterinary_manual · Toxicosis in Dogs and Cats From Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

• Hash, hash oil, concentrates, edibles, THC oils, and tinctures made from Cannabis sativa are associated with toxicosis in dogs and cats; concentrated products may produce severe exposure.

  HIGH · veterinary_manual · Toxicosis in Dogs and Cats From Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

  The page describes topical products and capsules as containing THC but does not provide specific companion-animal toxicity findings for those preparations.

• The FDA has not approved Cannabis sativa THC products, CBD products containing THC, or full-spectrum products for use in veterinary patients.

  HIGH · veterinary_manual · Toxicosis in Dogs and Cats From Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

  Lack of FDA veterinary approval is not itself a finding of toxicity or safety.

• CBD can affect cytochrome P450-mediated drug metabolism, so interactions with other medications are possible.

  HIGH · poison_control_database · Cbd and Pets | Pet Poison Helpline®

  The page states that more research is needed to fully characterize these interactions.

• CBD is not recommended for pregnant pets because fetal development could potentially be negatively affected.

  MODERATE · poison_control_database · Cbd and Pets | Pet Poison Helpline®

  The page describes a potential risk and provides no specific developmental outcomes or exposure parameters.

• CBD products contaminated with synthetic cannabinoids can cause seizures and other severe effects.

  HIGH · poison_control_database · Cbd and Pets | Pet Poison Helpline®

  The claim concerns contaminants in CBD products, not a demonstrated effect of Cannabis sativa-derived CBD itself.

• CBD products derived from Cannabis sativa are described as minimally toxic overall, but diarrhea, inaccurate labeling, contamination, and drug interactions are reported concerns.

  HIGH · poison_control_database · Cbd and Pets | Pet Poison Helpline®

  The page discusses CBD products rather than standardized Cannabis sativa preparations; product composition may be inaccurate or contaminated.

• Large oral ingestions of CBD tincture or a full container of CBD chews may produce clinical signs in dogs or cats.

  MODERATE · poison_control_database · Cbd and Pets | Pet Poison Helpline®

  No species-specific signs, outcomes, or product composition are provided.

• Poor-quality or off-the-shelf CBD products may be contaminated with THC, and marijuana-toxicity signs may occur after exposure.

  HIGH · poison_control_database · Cbd and Pets | Pet Poison Helpline®

  The article does not list the individual marijuana-toxicity signs in this section.

• Acute oral CBD overdoses up to 80 mg/kg were well tolerated in cats, with no CBD-related clinical signs documented; transient salivation was attributed to the carrier, and elevated ALT was reported in one cat in a dosing study.

  HIGH · veterinary_manual · Toxicosis in Dogs and Cats From Cannabidiol (CBD) - Toxicology

  The ALT elevation occurred in a single cat and causation was not established; salivation was attributed to the carrier.

• Cannabis effects may be more dramatic and potentially more toxic in dogs because dogs have more cannabinoid receptors in their brains; inhaled cannabis may also cause respiratory irritation requiring treatment.

  HIGH · veterinary_hospital_guidance · Cannabis (Marijuana) Intoxication in Cats and Dogs

  The page does not provide a quantitative dog-versus-cat dose or toxicity threshold.

• Hashish, marijuana, and Indian hemp (Cannabis sativa) are listed under “Plants Toxic to Dogs.” No cat-specific evidence, toxic constituents, clinical signs, or preparation distinctions are provided.

  HIGH · poison_control_database · Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant List — Dogs - ASPCA

  The entry includes named cannabis products but does not characterize their composition or route.

• A single-dose oral pharmacokinetic study of CBD-enriched oil in four beagle dogs reported no observable side effects.

  MODERATE · regulatory_guidance · [PDF] Scientific Memorandum: Cannabidiol (CBD) (11/13/2019) - FDA

  The finding is from a small single-dose study and does not establish safety for repeated use or whole-plant Cannabis sativa products.

• In short-term oral studies of CBD-enriched or CBD-infused oil, dogs had increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity; diarrhea was also reported in one healthy-dog study, although the diarrhea was not associated with CBD formulation or dose.

  HIGH · regulatory_guidance · [PDF] Scientific Memorandum: Cannabidiol (CBD) (11/13/2019) - FDA

  The memorandum evaluates CBD preparations rather than whole Cannabis sativa plant material and does not identify THC in the reviewed dog preparations.

• Dogs ingesting Cannabis sativa plant material or THC-containing edible products may develop incoordination, vomiting, dilated pupils, prolonged depression, excessive or irregular heartbeats, drooling, hyperexcitability, tremors and fever; severe central nervous system depression can be fatal.

  HIGH · veterinary_manual · Plants Poisonous to Animals - Special Pet Topics

  The page emphasizes dogs and does not provide separate cat-specific signs.

• Cannabidiol and other hemp derivatives in capsules have been associated with nausea, oversedation, inappetence, liver-enzyme changes, and possible reproductive-system changes; products may be unregulated and proprietary.

  MODERATE · veterinary_manual · Herbal Medicine in Veterinary Patients - Therapeutics

  The page discusses dogs; cat-specific safety evidence was not provided.

• Ingestion of Cannabis sativa leaves, stems, flower buds, or cannabis preparations can cause clinically important toxicosis in dogs, with CNS, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and temperature-regulation abnormalities; severe CNS depression can be fatal.

  HIGH · veterinary_manual · Houseplants and Ornamentals Toxic to Animals - Toxicology

  The page states that dogs are primarily affected; cats are not specifically characterized. THC concentration varies with plant part and processing, and extracts may be more concentrated.

• Oral CBD overdose in dogs is generally associated with mild gastrointestinal effects; acute oral overdose up to 62 mg/kg caused diarrhea, and CBD is described as well tolerated in chronic therapeutic use and overdose exposures.

  HIGH · veterinary_manual · Toxicosis in Dogs and Cats From Cannabidiol (CBD) - Toxicology

  Less typical neurologic signs reported with CBD products may reflect large-volume ingestion or product contamination rather than CBD itself.

• Inhalation of delta-9-THC from Cannabis sativa produces rapid absorption and can cause intoxication within minutes.

  HIGH · veterinary_manual · Toxicosis in Dogs and Cats From Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

  The page provides route-specific timing for dogs but does not provide preparation-specific clinical signs for vaping liquids.

• Oral ingestion of delta-9-THC-dominant Cannabis sativa material can cause intoxication; clinical signs typically begin within 1–2 hours, or up to 4 hours in fasted dogs.

  HIGH · veterinary_manual · Toxicosis in Dogs and Cats From Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

• Dogs exposed to CBD products in reported poison-control cases commonly developed vomiting and diarrhea; some exposures were life-threatening.

  HIGH · poison_control_database · Cbd and Pets | Pet Poison Helpline®

  The page does not identify the responsible constituent or preparation for each reported case.

• Oral CBD oil administration in dogs was associated with increased alkaline phosphatase, including a statistically significant increase in a study of dogs with idiopathic epilepsy.

  HIGH · poison_control_database · Cbd and Pets | Pet Poison Helpline®

  The cited studies reported a laboratory finding and did not classify CBD oil as clinically toxic.

• Cannabis edibles, concentrates, oils, and synthetic forms such as vape cartridges may expose dogs to higher THC concentrations or potency than plant material, increasing the risk of severe intoxication. Edibles may also contain other hazardous ingredients such as chocolate or xylitol.

  HIGH · veterinary_hospital_guidance · Cannabis (THC) intoxication in dogs

  The page identifies chocolate, xylitol, and high-fat butter or oils as additional hazards in some edibles, but does not attribute those hazards specifically to Cannabis sativa.

• Ingestion of cannabis or THC-containing products can cause clinically significant intoxication in dogs; THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) is identified as the primary toxic component. Extremely high-dose ingestion is rarely fatal but has been reported.

  HIGH · veterinary_hospital_guidance · Cannabis (THC) intoxication in dogs

• Inhalation of second-hand cannabis smoke can produce mild clinical signs in dogs.

  MODERATE · veterinary_hospital_guidance · Cannabis (THC) intoxication in dogs

  The page does not specify which clinical signs occur after second-hand smoke exposure.